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Notes:


Western Conception:

African Conception:

Participatory.

Midi Audio Demos

Talking Drums: African languages are “tonal” languages, the pitch of a spoken word is important in determining its meaning. By using two drums or striking a drum in different ways and drummer can duplicate the speech pattern of his language. In the Highlife band Jerry Hansen’s Rambler’s International Band on Yiadom Boakye the bass guitarist plays the Twi: Hwe ne nante, hwe na to ( “ Look at her walking, look at her buttocks” )